The Who
Biography
The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964. Their classic lineup consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist and singer John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, having sold over 100 million records worldwide.
Formation and Early Years
The founding members of The Who, Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend, and John Entwistle, grew up in Acton, London, and attended Acton County Grammar School. Daltrey formed a band called the Detours in 1959, which would eventually evolve into The Who. Entwistle joined first, and in 1961, he recommended his friend Townshend as a guitarist. Keith Moon joined in 1964, replacing drummer Doug Sandom. The band was initially associated with the British mod movement. Their first single as The Who, "I Can't Explain," reached the UK top ten in 1965 and was followed by other hits including "My Generation."
Musical Style and Innovations
The Who are credited with major contributions to rock music, including the development of the Marshall stack, large PA systems, and the use of synthesizers. Townshend's feedback-laden and power-chord guitar technique, along with Entwistle's melodic bass playing and Moon's aggressive drumming, created a unique and powerful sound. They are also pioneers of the rock opera genre, with their albums "Tommy" and "Quadrophenia" being seminal works. Their live performances were famously energetic and often featured auto-destructive art, with Townshend smashing his guitars and Moon destroying his drum kit.
Key Albums
The Who's discography includes 12 studio albums. Some of their most significant works include:
- My Generation (1965): Their debut album, with the title track becoming an anthem for rebellious youth.
- The Who Sell Out (1967): A concept album structured as a broadcast from a pirate radio station.
- Tommy (1969): A groundbreaking rock opera that was a critical and commercial success and was later adapted into a film and a Broadway musical.
- Who's Next (1971): This album features some of their most famous songs, including "Baba O'Riley" and "Won't Get Fooled Again," and solidified their status as hard rock pioneers.
- Quadrophenia (1973): Another rock opera, this one focused on the mod culture of the 1960s.
Later Years and Legacy
The band faced a major setback with the death of Keith Moon in 1978. He was replaced by Kenney Jones, and the band released two more albums before officially disbanding in 1983. However, they have reunited for numerous tours and special events, including Live Aid in 1985. Bassist John Entwistle passed away in 2002, just before a planned US tour. Townshend and Daltrey have continued to tour and record as The Who, with Zak Starkey (Ringo Starr's son) often on drums. The Who were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001. Their influence can be seen in numerous hard rock, punk, and power pop bands.