Down Under

Ostensibly a cheerful, patriotic song about an Australian traveling the world, "Down Under" carries a more profound and critical message. Co-writer Colin Hay has explained that the song is fundamentally about the 'selling of Australia' and a 'loss of spirit' in the country. The lyrics express a concern over the overdevelopment and exploitation of Australia's natural resources for short-term gain, a theme encapsulated in the seemingly proud line 'where women glow and men plunder'. While listeners often interpret the song as a simple celebration of Australian identity, Hay intended it as a more nuanced, even dark, commentary on the plundering of the nation by greedy people.

The song explores themes of cultural identity and globalization. The protagonist encounters stereotypical perceptions of Australia abroad, from the exoticized 'land where women glow' to the boorish 'land where beer does flow and men chunder'. These encounters highlight how a national identity can be both a source of pride and a collection of caricatures. The Vegemite sandwich becomes a potent symbol of authentic connection between expatriates, a shared cultural touchstone that transcends language barriers. However, the recurring warning, 'You better run, you better take cover', suggests an underlying unease, a critique of the unthinking nationalism and cultural exportation that the song itself ironically ended up promoting. It's a song of celebration, but not in a simple, flag-waving sense; it's a celebration tempered with a warning about losing the essence of what makes the country special.

The song narrates the travels of an Australian man, journeying across the globe with a distinctly Aussie identity. The story begins with him traveling on a 'hippie trail' in a 'fried-out Kombi' van, feeling disoriented after consuming 'zombie,' a potent type of marijuana. He encounters a mysterious woman who makes him nervous but provides him with breakfast. She recognizes his origins, asking if he comes from the 'land down under,' a place she stereotypes as where 'women glow and men plunder,' and warns him of an impending 'thunder,' urging him to take cover. This chorus acts as a recurring motif, questioning the perception of Australia and hinting at a deeper, perhaps ominous, reality beneath the surface charm.

The journey continues to Europe, where the protagonist is in Brussels trying to buy bread. He meets a tall, muscular man and, in a moment of cultural connection, asks if the man speaks his 'language.' The man's response is not verbal but symbolic; he smiles and offers a Vegemite sandwich, a quintessential Australian food item. This simple act establishes a bond of shared nationality far from home. The man in Brussels then sings a variation of the chorus, proudly identifying himself as coming from a land 'where beer does flow and men chunder' (vomit), another stereotype of Australian culture, this time embraced by an insider.

The final verse finds the narrator in a den in Bombay (now Mumbai), lethargic and quiet ('with a slack jaw, and not much to say'). He is approached by someone offering temptations, likely drugs. The narrator resists, questioning the offer by rhetorically asking if the tempter knows he comes from a 'land of plenty.' This line can be interpreted as a statement of material wealth, but also as a deeper sense of self-sufficiency or spiritual richness that makes such temptations redundant. The song concludes with a final, powerful repetition of the chorus, reaffirming the complex identity of the 'land down under'—a place of beauty, pride, plunder, and an ever-present, ambiguous 'thunder.' The narrative arc shows the protagonist encountering and navigating various stereotypes about his homeland while maintaining his core identity.

"Down Under" was co-written by Men at Work's co-founders, Colin Hay and Ron Strykert, in the winter of 1978, about a year before the band was fully formed. The initial inspiration came from a bass riff Ron Strykert had recorded on a home cassette demo, which also featured percussion played on water-filled bottles. Hay was captivated by the 'trance-like quality' of this groove. While driving in Melbourne, the song's chords came to him, and he wrote the verses a couple of days later. Hay and Strykert originally performed it as an acoustic duo.

The song's lyrics were partly inspired by the character Barry McKenzie, a satirical Australian figure created by comedian Barry Humphries, who represented a larger-than-life, beer-swilling Aussie abroad. The first version of "Down Under" was recorded and self-released in 1980 as the B-side to their single "Keypunch Operator." This early version had a slower tempo and a different, sparser arrangement.

The iconic version was recorded in 1981 for their debut album, Business as Usual, with producer Peter McIan. The now-famous flute riff was added by Greg Ham during the recording sessions. Hay stated the song existed for at least a year before the flute part was added, which Ham unconsciously based on the Australian children's song "Kookaburra Sits in the Old Gum Tree". This addition was initially considered a musical joke. CBS Records in the US initially rejected the album, believing it had no hits, but were convinced to release it after seeing the music video for "Down Under". The song was released as a single in Australia in late 1981 and internationally in 1982.

"Down Under" is rich with symbolism and metaphorical layers beneath its catchy surface.

• The Vegemite Sandwich: This is the most direct and celebrated symbol in the song. Vegemite is a uniquely Australian food spread. By having the man in Brussels offer the protagonist a Vegemite sandwich, the song uses it as a symbol of shared cultural identity and instant camaraderie between Australians abroad, a secret handshake of sorts.
• 'Fried-out Kombi': The Kombi van symbolizes a bohemian, transient lifestyle and the 'hippie trail' of the 1970s. Its 'fried-out' state could also reflect the weariness or burnout of the traveler or even the state of the nation itself.
• 'Men plunder': This phrase is a central metaphor. While it can be taken literally in a historical context of colonialism or bushrangers, Colin Hay intended it as a critique of modern consumerism and the exploitation of Australia's natural resources and culture for commercial gain. It's a statement on the 'selling of Australia'.
• 'The Thunder': The recurring line 'Can't you hear, can't you hear the thunder?' serves as an ambiguous warning. It could symbolize the power of nature in Australia, the growing global recognition of the country ('the awesomeness of the people/country'), or a more ominous foreboding about the consequences of the aforementioned 'plundering' and loss of cultural spirit. It urges the listener to 'run' and 'take cover,' adding a layer of anxiety to the seemingly upbeat chorus.

The emotional atmosphere of "Down Under" is complex and multifaceted, presenting a duality that is key to its enduring appeal. On the surface, the song exudes a joyful, celebratory, and proud feeling. The upbeat tempo, major-key chorus, and bouncy reggae rhythm create an infectious sense of fun and wanderlust. This is the emotion most listeners connect with, leading to its adoption as a sports anthem and a celebration of Australia.

However, beneath this cheerful exterior lies a more melancholic and critical emotional current. Colin Hay has described it as a 'dark song' about loss. There's a sense of nostalgia and concern for a disappearing Australian identity, one that is being 'plundered' and sold out. This creates a feeling of bittersweetness and quiet defiance. The line 'she made me nervous' and the warning to 'take cover' inject a subtle undercurrent of anxiety and unease, suggesting that the world the narrator travels through is not entirely benign and that his homeland is facing its own internal threats. The overall emotional landscape is therefore a mix of pride and apprehension, celebration and caution.

"Down Under" became a global phenomenon, profoundly shaping the international perception of Australia in the 1980s. Released in 1981, it topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the UK, and the US, where it reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks in 1983. This massive success, along with the album Business as Usual, made Men at Work the first Australian artists to simultaneously hold the #1 album and #1 single in both the US and the UK. The song's success earned the band the 1983 Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

It is widely regarded as an unofficial Australian national anthem and was famously adopted as the theme for the Australia II yacht crew's successful 1983 America's Cup challenge. The song was also featured in the closing ceremony of the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Its legacy is also marked by a significant copyright lawsuit. In 2009, it was alleged that the song's iconic flute riff was copied from the children's campfire song "Kookaburra." A court ruled in 2010 that an infringement had occurred, ordering the band to pay 5% of the song's royalties. This controversy deeply affected flute player Greg Ham, who passed away in 2012. The song has been covered by various artists and remains a staple on radio and in pop culture, recently finding new life in a drum and bass remix by producer Luude and a re-imagined version by the band King Stingray for a Tourism Australia campaign.

The song's structure relies on a steady, danceable rhythm and a straightforward rhyme scheme that enhances its catchiness. The primary meter is a standard 4/4 time signature, but its feel is defined by a reggae-inspired rhythm, with the guitar and keyboards emphasizing the off-beats (the 'ands' of each beat). This creates a buoyant, syncopated groove that propels the song forward and gives it its characteristic sway.

The tempo is moderately fast, contributing to the song's upbeat energy. The verses have a more narrative, slightly relaxed rhythmic feel, which builds into the more emphatic and anthemic rhythm of the chorus. The rhyme scheme in the verses is generally simple, following an AABB pattern (e.g., 'Kombi'/'zombie', 'nervous'/'breakfast'; 'Brussels'/'muscles', 'language'/'sandwich'). This simple, predictable structure makes the lyrics easy to follow and remember. The chorus employs a similar AABB rhyme ('under'/'plunder', 'thunder'/'cover'), making it incredibly memorable and perfect for a sing-along, which was a key factor in its status as an unofficial anthem.

"Down Under" employs a distinctive blend of musical and literary techniques.

• Musical Style: The song is a fusion of New Wave and reggae rock, characterized by a bouncy, off-beat rhythm that gives it a laid-back, yet driving feel. The arrangement is notable for its instrumentation, particularly the prominent and iconic flute riff played by Greg Ham, which serves as a memorable hook. The guitar work features reggae-style upstroke strumming on sixteenth notes, and the verses are set in the key of B minor, modulating to the relative major (D major) for the uplifting chorus, creating a dynamic shift. Colin Hay's vocal delivery is expressive and slightly nasal, with a storytelling quality that fits the narrative lyrics perfectly.
• Literary Style: The lyrics function as a travelogue or a series of vignettes, telling a story through vivid snapshots of the narrator's experiences. Hay uses a first-person narrative voice, making the story personal and relatable. The lyrics are packed with Australian slang ('Kombi', 'Vegemite', 'chunder'), which grounds the song in a specific cultural context and adds authenticity and humor. There's a strong use of irony; the cheerful, anthem-like chorus masks a darker lyrical theme about the exploitation of the country. The repetition of the chorus with slight variations (e.g., 'Do you come from...' vs. 'I come from...') reinforces the themes of identity and perception.

What is the true meaning of Men At Work's 'Down Under'?

While often seen as a patriotic anthem, songwriter Colin Hay explains it's a critique of the 'selling of Australia' and the overdevelopment of the country. The line 'men plunder' refers to the exploitation of its natural resources and a loss of national spirit, making it a song of celebration mixed with a cautionary warning.

What is the story behind the flute in 'Down Under' and the lawsuit?

The famous flute riff, played by Greg Ham, was found to have unintentionally copied a part of the 1930s children's song 'Kookaburra'. This led to a 2009 copyright lawsuit by Larrikin Music, who owned the rights. A court ruled that it was copyright infringement, and Men at Work were ordered to pay 5% of the song's royalties.

What do the slang terms in 'Down Under' mean?

The lyrics feature several Australian slang terms. A 'fried-out Kombi' is a broken-down van. 'Vegemite' is a popular Australian food spread made from yeast extract. 'Chunder' is slang for 'to vomit,' often in the context of drinking too much beer.

What does the line 'head full of zombie' mean in the song 'Down Under'?

'Zombie' refers to a particularly potent strain of marijuana that was available in Australia. The line 'head full of zombie' suggests the narrator is under the influence of this drug at the beginning of his journey.

When was 'Down Under' released and how did it perform on the charts?

The well-known version of 'Down Under' was released in 1981 on the album <i>Business as Usual</i>. It became a massive international hit, reaching #1 in Australia (1981), the UK (1983), and the US (1983), where it stayed at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks.

Why is 'Down Under' considered an unofficial Australian anthem?

Its global popularity, catchy chorus, and overt Australian references made it an iconic song for the country. It was famously used as the theme song for the victorious Australia II America's Cup team in 1983 and was performed at the 2000 Sydney Olympics closing ceremony, solidifying its status as a beloved, informal anthem.

Who wrote the song 'Down Under'?

The song was co-written by Men at Work's lead singer, Colin Hay, and the band's guitarist, Ron Strykert. They wrote the song in 1978, before the iconic flute riff was added by bandmate Greg Ham during the 1981 recording sessions.