Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)

"Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" is a philosophical and existential song that explores the universal human motivation to seek fulfillment. Penned by Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart during a period of emotional turmoil and creative frustration, the lyrics reflect a sense of disillusionment and nihilism. According to Lennox, the song is about looking at the state of the world and feeling hopeless, yet recognizing that everyone is driven by a dream or a desire for something. The "sweet dreams" are the aspirations and goals that propel people through life.

The song's darker undercurrent is revealed in the lines, "Some of them want to use you / Some of them want to get used by you / Some of them want to abuse you / Some of them want to be abused." This reflects a cynical view of human relationships as often being transactional and exploitative. It speaks to the sado-masochistic nature of human interactions and the power dynamics at play in the pursuit of one's desires. This bleak observation is juxtaposed with a message of survival and resilience in the bridge, "Hold your head up, keep your head up, movin' on." Dave Stewart reportedly added this section to inject a sense of hope into what he felt was a very downbeat track. Ultimately, the song serves as a mantra about surviving the world and the perpetual, often difficult, search for meaning and purpose.

The song presents a philosophical and somewhat cynical observation of the human condition, framed as a universal quest for fulfillment. It begins with the iconic, almost mantra-like declaration that "sweet dreams are made of this," immediately inviting the question of what "this" actually is. The narrator positions themselves as a global wanderer, having traveled "the world and the seven seas," only to conclude that every single person is driven by an insatiable search for "something." This search is not depicted as purely noble or aspirational; it's a fundamental, inescapable part of existence.

The narrative then shifts to a darker, more transactional view of human relationships. The lyrics starkly categorize interactions into a series of desires for control and submission: "Some of them want to use you / Some of them want to get used by you / Some of them want to abuse you / Some of them want to be abused." This part of the song strips away romantic notions, presenting a world where people's motivations are often self-serving and exploitative. It suggests a cyclical and often painful dynamic where individuals are either the user or the used, the abuser or the abused. This isn't presented with judgment but rather as a blunt, observational truth about the nature of desire and power dynamics that underpin society.

Despite this bleak outlook, a contrasting message of resilience and perseverance emerges. The song introduces a call to action: "Hold your head up, keep your head up, movin' on." This repeated phrase acts as a personal command to endure and to continue forward, regardless of the disillusionment and the often-harsh realities of the world. It’s a message of self-preservation and a refusal to be completely consumed by the cynicism described earlier. The act of "movin' on" is a continuous process, a necessary component of survival in a world where everyone is looking for something, often at the expense of others.

The song's structure, with its relentless, looping synthesizer riff and hypnotic beat, reinforces these themes. The repetition mirrors the perpetual state of seeking and the cyclical nature of the human interactions described. The song doesn't build to a traditional climax or resolution; instead, it fades out on the recurring refrain, leaving the listener with the lingering thought that this search, these dynamics, and the need to keep moving forward are endless aspects of life.

"Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" was born out of a period of extreme hardship for Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart. Following the breakup of their previous band, The Tourists, and their romantic relationship, they were in dire financial straits and Lennox was suffering from depression. The song was written in their small makeshift studio, located in the attic of a picture framing factory in London, which they equipped with a £5,000 bank loan.

The creative spark occurred after a bitter argument between the two. A depressed Lennox was lying on the floor when Stewart, in a manic mood after recovering from a collapsed lung, began experimenting with a new piece of equipment, the Movement Systems Drum Computer. He created the distinctive beat that opens the track. Hearing it, Lennox was jolted out of her depression, went to a borrowed Oberheim OB-X synthesizer, and spontaneously played the now-iconic synth riff that counters Stewart's beat. The lyrics, expressing her feelings of hopelessness and nihilism, came pouring out. The entire song, which they viewed as a fusion of European electronica and American soul, was created within minutes.

They recorded it on an 8-track tape machine with minimal equipment, including a single microphone and a Klark Teknik spring reverb. The percussive sounds in the bridge were created by hitting milk bottles with sticks. Initially, their record label, RCA, was unconvinced the song should be a single, citing its lack of a traditional chorus. However, after a radio DJ in Cleveland began playing the album track to an enthusiastic response, the label relented and released it as a single.

The song is rich with symbolism and metaphors that explore the human condition.

• Sweet Dreams: The central metaphor of "sweet dreams" represents the goals, desires, and aspirations that motivate all people. It's a universal symbol for the search for fulfillment and purpose, the driving force behind our actions.
• Travel the World and the Seven Seas: This phrase symbolizes the vast and endless journey of life and the universal nature of the human search. It implies that no matter where you go, the fundamental motivations of people remain the same: "everybody's looking for something."
• The Cow: The cow featured prominently in the music video is a surrealist and symbolic element. Dave Stewart was inspired by artists like Salvador Dalí. Annie Lennox explained it as a statement on different forms of existence, contrasting the world of human industry and achievement with the simple, grounded presence of the animal. Others have interpreted it as a metaphor for how artists can be treated like livestock by the music industry, to be used for profit.
• Androgyny: Annie Lennox's androgynous appearance in the music video, with cropped orange hair and a man's business suit, was a powerful symbol challenging gender norms and stereotypes in the 1980s pop landscape. It represented a form of power and equality, breaking the mold for female artists.

The emotional atmosphere of "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" is deeply complex and dualistic. At its core, the song is born from a place of hopelessness, nihilism, and depression, reflecting Annie Lennox's state of mind at the time of its creation. This is evident in the detached, almost robotic vocal delivery of the verses and the dark, cynical lyrics about human exploitation. The minimalist synth arrangement and relentless, hypnotic beat create a tense, ominous, and melancholic mood, suggesting a world that is both bleak and inescapable.

However, this darkness is powerfully contrasted with a feeling of defiance and resilience. This shift occurs primarily in the bridge, where Lennox's vocals become soulful and layered, singing "Hold your head up, keep your head up, movin' on." This section, conceived by Dave Stewart to add a more hopeful element, introduces a sense of empowerment and the will to survive despite the harsh realities described. The song, therefore, occupies a unique emotional space: it is simultaneously a recognition of despair and a defiant anthem of perseverance. It's this bittersweet and realistic emotional landscape—acknowledging the darkness of the world while refusing to be completely defeated by it—that gives the song its enduring power and relatability.

"Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" was a massive cultural phenomenon that catapulted Eurythmics to global superstardom. Released in January 1983, it became their worldwide breakthrough hit, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. The song's success was pivotal in bringing synth-pop into the mainstream.

The music video was equally influential. Aired in heavy rotation on the fledgling MTV, it became iconic. Annie Lennox's striking androgynous look, with cropped, bright orange hair and a man's business suit, broke the mold for female pop stars and challenged conventional gender representations. This powerful visual statement, combined with the video's surreal imagery (including a cow in a boardroom), made Eurythmics unforgettable.

The song has had an enduring legacy, consistently ranked among the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2020 and selected for preservation in the US Library of Congress's National Recording Registry in 2023. The track has been covered and sampled by numerous artists across various genres, most notably by Marilyn Manson, whose dark industrial rock version introduced it to a new generation in 1995. It has been featured extensively in films, television shows, and commercials, cementing its status as a timeless anthem of the 1980s and a profound statement on the human condition.

The song's rhyme and rhythm are fundamental to its hypnotic and enduring appeal. The lyrical structure is relatively simple, favoring repetition over a complex rhyme scheme, functioning more like a mantra. The primary rhyming occurs in the second part of the verse with an AABB pattern: "Some of them want to use you / Some of them want to get used by you / Some of them want to abuse you / Some of them want to be abused." These are perfect rhymes that give the section a stark, nursery-rhyme-like quality, which contrasts with the dark lyrical content.

Rhythmically, the song is defined by its innovative and compelling structure. It is set in a 4/4 time signature at a moderate tempo. The most distinctive feature is the drum machine pattern created on a Movement Systems Drum Computer, which provides a steady, driving beat. Musician Dave Stewart has noted that the song's beat emphasizes the "one," the first beat of the bar, which is unusual for pop and dance music of the era, which typically stresses the backbeat. This gives the song a relentless, forward-marching feel. The main synthesizer riff plays a syncopated rhythm that interlocks perfectly with the drum pattern, creating the song's signature hypnotic groove. The vocal melody often follows a similarly rhythmic, almost spoken-word delivery in the verses, further enhancing the song's incantatory quality.

"Sweet Dreams" is a masterclass in minimalist yet highly effective musical and lyrical techniques.

Musical Techniques:

• Iconic Synthesizer Riff: The song is built around a relentless, hypnotic, and instantly recognizable dual synthesizer riff. One part, often attributed to a Roland SH-101, provides the bass sequence, while the other, played by Lennox on an Oberheim OB-X, provides the counter-melody. The riffs are hard-panned left and right, creating a wide, immersive stereo image.
• Minimalist Arrangement: The production is sparse, relying on the Movement Systems drum machine, the two synth lines, and Lennox's vocals, creating a stark and atmospheric soundscape. This minimalism allows each element to have maximum impact.
• Vocal Delivery: Annie Lennox's vocal style is a key feature. She delivers the verses with a cool, detached, and almost robotic tone, which enhances the song's cynical and observational feel. This contrasts with the soulful and emotional ad-libs and harmonies she layers, particularly in the bridge, showcasing her vocal power and range.
• Rhythmic Drive: Unlike most pop songs that emphasize the backbeat (beats 2 and 4), "Sweet Dreams" has a driving rhythm that emphasizes "the one," giving it a unique, forward-propelling feel more akin to early James Brown funk.

Literary Techniques:

• Repetition and Mantra: The lyrics are highly repetitive, particularly the title phrase and the lines about what "some of them want to do." This turns the lyrics into a kind of "weird mantra," reinforcing the song's themes of a perpetual, cyclical search for meaning.
• Parallelism: The verse "Some of them want to use you / Some of them want to get used by you / Some of them want to abuse you / Some of them want to be abused" uses parallel structure to list the dark, transactional nature of human desires, making the statement more powerful and rhythmic.
• Rhetorical Framing: The song opens with a bold declaration, "Sweet dreams are made of this," and the question "Who am I to disagree?" which frames the subsequent lyrical exploration as an undeniable, if bleak, truth.

What is the meaning behind Eurythmics' 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)?'

The song is an existential reflection on the universal search for fulfillment. Annie Lennox stated it's about the dark and hopeless state of the world, while the 'sweet dreams' are the desires that motivate people. The lyrics also explore the often exploitative, transactional nature of human relationships.

When was 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)' released?

The single was released on January 21, 1983. It was the fourth and final single from the album of the same name, which was released earlier that month on January 4, 1983.

What is the story behind the creation of 'Sweet Dreams'?

The song was created after a big fight between Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart, who were ex-lovers and creatively frustrated. Stewart created the beat on a drum machine, which snapped Lennox out of a deep depression. She immediately joined in on a synthesizer, and the song's iconic riff and lyrics were composed in minutes.

What synthesizers were used on 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)'?

The iconic sound was created with a combination of synthesizers. Dave Stewart programmed the main beat and bassline sequence using a Movement Systems Drum Computer triggering a Roland SH-101. Annie Lennox played the countering string-like riff on a borrowed Oberheim OB-X.

Why is there a cow in the 'Sweet Dreams' music video?

The cow was Dave Stewart's idea, inspired by surrealist art. Annie Lennox has explained it as a metaphor contrasting human industry and ambition with the simple existence of an animal. It symbolizes different forms of reality and can also be seen as a commentary on artists being treated like livestock by the industry.

What do the lyrics 'Hold your head up, moving on' signify?

This part of the song, added by Dave Stewart, introduces a message of hope and resilience. It serves as a direct contrast to the cynical and bleak nature of the verses, encouraging listeners to persevere and survive despite the world's hardships.

Was 'Sweet Dreams' an immediate hit?

No, the record label RCA initially didn't want to release it as a single because it lacked a traditional chorus. It only gained traction after a DJ in Cleveland, Ohio, started playing the album track on the radio, generating a huge listener response that forced the label's hand. It then went on to become a global #1 hit.

How did Annie Lennox's look in the video impact culture?

Her androgynous look, with a man's suit and cropped orange hair, was groundbreaking. It challenged gender stereotypes of the 1980s, broke the mold for female pop stars, and became an iconic image of female empowerment and artistic expression on MTV.